Selenium interview Questions

If you're looking for Selenium Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced & Freshers, you are at right place. There are a lot of opportunities for many reputed companies in the world. According to research Selenium has a market share of about 27.7%. So, You still have opportunities to move ahead in your career in Selenium. Mindmajix offers advanced Selenium Interview Questions 2018 that helps you in cracking your interview & acquire your dream career as Selenium Developer.

Top 35 Selenium Interview Questions And Answers :

The entire set of Selenium interview questions is divided into three sections:

Basic level

Advanced level

TestNG framework for Selenium

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A. Basic Level  – Selenium Interview Questions

1. What are the significant changes in upgrades in various Selenium versions?

Selenium v1 included only three suite of tools: Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and Selenium Grid. Note that there was no WebDriver in Selenium v1. Selenium WebDriver was introduced in Selenium v2. With the onset of WebDriver, Selenium RC got deprecated and is not in use since. Older versions of RC is available in the market though, but support for RC is not available. Currently, Selenium v3 is in use, and it comprises of IDE, WebDriver and Grid.

IDE is used for recording and playback of tests, WebDriver is used for testing dynamic web applications via a programming interface and Grid is used for deploying tests in remote host machines.

2. Explain the different exceptions in Selenium WebDriver.

Exceptions in Selenium are similar to exceptions in other programming languages. The most common exceptions in Selenium are:

Timeout Exception: 

This exception is thrown when a command performing an operation does not complete in the stipulated time

NoSuchElementException:

This exception is thrown when an element with given attributes is not found on the web page

ElementNotVisibleException:

This exception is thrown when the element is present in DOM (Document Object Model), but not visible on the web page

StaleElementException:

This exception is thrown when the element is either deleted or no longer attached to the DOM

3. What is exception test in Selenium?

An exception test is an exception that you expect will be thrown inside a test class. If you have written a test case in such way that it should throw an exception, then you can use the @Test annotation and specify which exception you will be expecting by mentioning it in the parameters. Take a look at the example below: @Test(expectedException = NoSuchElementException.class)

Do note the syntax, where the exception is suffixed with .class

4. Why and how will you use an Excel Sheet in your project?

The reason we use Excel sheets is because it can be used as data source for tests. An excel sheet can also be used to store the data set while performing DataDriven Testing. These are the two main reasons for using Excel sheets.

When you use the excel sheet as data source, you can store the following:

Application URL for all environments: You can specify the URL of the environment in which you want to do the testing like: development environment or testing environment or QA environment or staging environment or production/ pre-production environment.

User name and password credentials of different environments: 

You can store the access credentials of the different applications/ environments in the excel sheet. You can store them in encoded format and whenever you want to use them, you can decode them instead of leaving it plain and unprotected.

Test cases to be executed: You can list down the entire set of test cases in a column and in the next column, you can specify either Yes or No which indicates if you want that particular test case to be executed or ignored.

When you use the excel sheet for DataDriven Test, you can store the data for different iterations to be performed in the tests. For example while testing a web page, the different sets of input data that needs to be passed to the test box can be stored in the excel sheet.

6. How can you redirect browsing from a browser through some proxy?

Selenium provides a PROXY class to redirect browsing from a proxy. Look at the example below:

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String PROXY = “199.201.125.147:8080”;

org.openqa.selenium.Proxy proxy = new.org.openqa.selenium.Proxy();

proxy.setHTTPProxy(Proxy)

 .setFtpProxy(Proxy)

 .setSslProxy(Proxy)

DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();

cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, proxy);

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(cap);

7. What is POM (Page Object Model)? What are its advantages?

Page Object Model is a design pattern for creating an Object Repository for web UI elements. Each web page in the application is required to have it’s own corresponding page class. The page class is thus responsible for finding the WebElements in that page and then perform operations on those WebElements.

The advantages of using POM are:

Allows us to separate operations and flows in the UI from Verification – improves code readability Since the Object Repository is independent of Test Cases, multiple tests can use the same Object Repository

Reusability of code

8. What is Page Factory?

Page Factory gives an optimized way to implement the Page Object Model. When we say it is optimized, it refers to the fact that the memory utilization is very good and also the implementation is done in an object-oriented manner.

Page Factory is used to initialize the elements of the Page Object or instantiate the Page Objects itself. Annotations for elements can also be created (and recommended) as the describing properties may not always be descriptive enough to differentiate one object from the other.

The concept of separating the Page Object Repository and Test Methods is followed here also. Instead of having to use ‘FindElements’, we use annotations like: @FindBy to find WebElement, and initElements method to initialize web elements from the Page Factory class.

@FindBy can accept tagName, partialLinkText, name, linkText, id, css, className & xpath as attributes.

9. What are the different types of WAIT statements in Selenium WebDriver?

 Or 

The question can be framed like this: How do you achieve synchronization in WebDriver?

There are basically two types of wait statements: Implicit Wait and Explicit Wait.

Implicit wait instructs the WebDriver to wait for some time by polling the DOM. Once you have declared implicit wait, it will be available for the entire life of the WebDriver instance. By default, the value will be 0. If you set a longer default, then the behavior will poll the DOM on a periodic basis depending on the browser/ driver implementation.

Explicit wait instructs the execution to wait for some time until some condition is achieved. Some of those conditions to be attained are:

elementToBeClickable

elementToBeSelected

presenceOfElementLocated

10. Write a code to wait for a particular element to be visible on a page. Write a code to wait for an alert to appear.

We can write a code such that we specify the XPath of the web element that needs to be visible on the page and then ask the WebDriver to wait for a specified time. Look at the sample piece of code below:

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WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);

Element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath( “<xpath”)));

Similarly, we can write another piece of code asking the WebDriver to wait until an error appears like this:

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WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);

Element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());

11. What is the use of JavaScriptExecutor?

JavaScriptExecutor is an interface which provides a mechanism to execute Javascript through the Selenium WebDriver. It provides “executescript” and “executeAsyncScript” methods, to run JavaScript in the context of the currently selected frame or window. An example of that is:

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JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; 

js.executeScript(Script,Arguments);

12. How to scroll down a page using JavaScript in Selenium?

We can scroll down a page by using window.scrollBy() function. Example:

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((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,500)");

12. How to scroll down to a particular element?

To scroll down to a particular element on a web page, we can use the function scrollIntoView(). Example:

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((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element);

13. How to handle keyboard and mouse actions using Selenium?

We can handle special keyboard and mouse events by using Advanced User Interactions API. The Advanced User Interactions API contains the Actions and the Action Classes that are needed for executing these events. Most commonly used keyboard and mouse events provided by the Actions class are in the table below:

Selenium functions and their explanation

Method Description

clickAndHold() Clicks (without releasing) the current mouse location.

dragAndDrop() Performs click-and-hold at the location of the source element, moves.

source, target() Moves to the location of the target element, then releases the mouse.

14. What are the different types of frameworks?

The different types of frameworks are:

Data Driven Framework:-

When the entire test data is generated from some external files like Excel, CSV, XML or some database table, then it is called Data Driven framework.

Keyword Driven Framework:-

When only the instructions and operations are written in a different file like an Excel worksheet, it is called Keyword Driven framework.

Hybrid Framework:-

A combination of both the Data Driven framework and the Keyword Driven framework is called the Hybrid framework.

16. Which files can be used as a data source for different frameworks?

Some of the file types of the dataset can be : excel, xml, text, csv, etc.

17. How can you fetch an attribute from an element? How to retrieve typed text from a textbox?

We can fetch the attribute of an element by using the getAttribute() method. Sample code:

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WebElement eLogin = driver.findElement(By.name(“Login”);

String LoginClassName = eLogin.getAttribute("classname");

Here, I am finding the web page’s login button named ‘Login’. Once that element is found, getAttribute() can be used to retrieve any attribute value of that element and it can be stored it in string format. In my example, I have retrieved ‘classname’ attribute and stored it in LoginClassName.

Similarly, to retrieve some text from any textbox, we can use getText() method. In the below piece of code I have retrieved the text typed in the ‘Login’ element.

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WebElement eLogin = driver.findElement(By.name(“Login”);

String LoginText = Login.getText ();

In the below Selenium WebDriver tutorial, there is a detailed demonstration of locating elements on the web page using different element locator techniques and the basic methods/ functions that can be applied on those elements. 

B. Advanced Level – Selenium Interview Question

18. How to send ALT/SHIFT/CONTROL key in Selenium WebDriver?

When we generally use ALT/SHIFT/CONTROL keys, we hold onto those keys and click other buttons to achieve the special functionality. So it is not enough just to specify keys.ALT or keys.SHIFT or keys.CONTROL functions.

For the purpose of holding onto these keys while subsequent keys are pressed, we need to define two more methods: keyDown(modifier_key) and keyUp(modifier_key)


Parameters: Modifier_key (keys.ALT or Keys.SHIFT or Keys.CONTROL)

Purpose: Performs a modifier key press and does not release the modifier key. Subsequent interactions may assume it’s kept pressed.

Parameters: Modifier_key (keys.ALT or Keys.SHIFT or Keys.CONTROL)

Purpose: Performs a key release.

Hence with a combination of these two methods, we can capture the special function of a particular key.

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public static void main(String[] args) 

{

String baseUrl = “https://www.facebook.com”;

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("baseUrl");

WebElement txtUserName = driver.findElement(By.id(“Email”);

Actions builder = new Actions(driver);

Action seriesOfActions = builder

 .moveToElement(txtUerName)

 .click()

 .keyDown(txtUserName, Keys.SHIFT)

 .sendKeys(txtUserName, “hello”)

 .keyUp(txtUserName, Keys.SHIFT)

 .doubleClick(txtUserName);

 .contextClick();

 .build();

seriesOfActions.perform();

}

19. How to take screenshots in Selenium WebDriver?

You can take a screenshot by using the TakeScreenshot function. By using getScreenshotAs() method you can save that screenshot. Example:

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File scrFile = ((TakeScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(outputType.FILE);

20. How to set the size of browser window using Selenium?

To maximize the size of browser window, you can use the following piece of code:

driver.manage().window().maximize(); – To maximize the window

To resize the current window to a particular dimension, you can use the setSize() method. Check out the below piece of code:

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System.out.println(driver.manage().window().getSize());

Dimension d = new Dimension(420,600);

driver.manage().window().setSize(d);

To set the window to a particular size, use window.resizeTo() method. Check the below piece of code:

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((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("window.resizeTo(1024, 768);");

To witness a demonstration on setting custom sizes for the browser window and finding various elements on the web page, see the video below.

Selenium Tutorial For Beginners | Mindmajix

21. How to handle a dropdown in Selenium WebDriver? How to select a value from dropdown?

Questions on dropdown and selecting a value from that dropdown are very common Selenium interview questions because of the technicality involved in writing the code.

The most important detail you should know is that to work with a dropdown in Selenium, we must always make use of this html tag: ‘select’. Without using ‘select’, we cannot handle dropdowns. Look at the snippet below in which I have written a code for a creating a dropdown with three options.

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<select id="mySelect">

<option value="option1">Cars</option>

<option value="option2">Bikes</option>

<option value="option3">Trains</option>

</select>

In this code we use ‘select’ tag to define a dropdown element and the id of the dropdown element is ‘myselect’. We have 3 options in the dropdown: Cars, Bikes and Trains. Each of these options, have a ‘value’ attribute also assigned to them. First option from dropdown has value assigned as ‘option1’, second option has value = ‘option2’ and similarly third option has value assigned as ‘option3’.

If you are clear with the concept so far, then you can proceed to the next aspect of choosing a value from the dropdown. This is a 2 step process:

Identify the ‘select’ html element (Because dropdowns must have the ‘select’ tag)

Select an option from that dropdown element

To identify the ‘select’ html element from the web page, we need to use findElement() method. Look at the below piece of code:

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WebElement mySelectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("mySelect"));

Select dropdown = new Select(mySelectElement);

Now to select an option from that dropdown, we can do it in either of the three ways:

dropdown.selectByVisibleText(“Bikes”); → Selecting an option by the text that is visible

dropdown.selectByIndex(“1”); → Selecting, by choosing the Index number of that option

dropdown.selectByValue(“option2”); → Selecting, by choosing the value of that option

Note that from the above example, in all the three cases, “Bikes” will be chosen from the dropdown. In the first case, we are choosing by visible text on the web page. When it comes to selection by index, 1 represents “Bikes” because indexing values start from 0 and then get incremented to 1 and 2. Finally in case of selection by value attribute, ‘option2’ refers to “Bikes”. So, these are the different ways to choose a value from a dropdown.

22. How to switch to a new window (new tab) which opens up after you click on a link?

If you click on a link in a web page, then for changing the WebDriver’s focus/ reference to the new window we need to use the switchTo() command. Look at the below example to switch to a new window:

driver.switchTo().window();

Here, ‘windowName’ is the name of the window you want to switch your reference to.

In case you do not know the name of the window, then you can use the driver.getWindowHandle() command to get the name of all the windows that were initiated by the WebDriver. Note that it will not return the window names of browser windows which are not initiated by your WebDriver.

Once you have the name of the window, then you can use an enhanced for loop to switch to that window. Look at the piece of code below.

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String handle= driver.getWindowHandle();

for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) 

{

driver.switchTo().window(handle);

}

23. How do you upload a file using Selenium WebDriver?

To upload a file we can simply use the command element.send_keys(file path). But there is a prerequisite before we upload the file. We have to use the html tag: ‘input’ and attribute type should be ‘file’. Take a look at the below example where we are identifying the web element first and then uploading the file.

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<input type="file" name="uploaded_file" size="50" class="pole_plik">

element = driver.find_element_by_id(”uploaded_file")

element.send_keys("C:\myfile.txt")

24. Can we enter text without using sendKeys()?

Yes. We can enter/ send text without using sendKeys() method. We can do it using JavaScriptExecutor.

How do we do it?

Using DOM method of, identification of an element, we can go to that particular document and then get the element by its ID (here login) and then send the text by value. Look at the sample code below:

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JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;

jse.executeScript("document.getElementById(‘Login').value=Test text without sendkeys");

25. Explain how you will login into any site if it is showing any authentication popup for username and password?

Since there will be popup for logging in, we need to use the explicit command and verify if the alert is actually present. Only if the alert is present, we need to pass the username and password credentials. The sample code for using the explicit wait command and verifying the alert is below:

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WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); 

Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); 

alert.authenticateUsing(new UserAndPassword(**username**, **password**));

26. Explain how can you find broken links in a page using Selenium WebDriver?

This is a trick question which the interviewer will present to you. He can provide a situation where in there are 20 links in a web page, and we have to verify which of those 20 links are working and how many are not working (broken).

Since you need to verify the working of every link, the workaround is that, you need to send http requests to all of the links on the web page and analyze the response. Whenever you use driver.get() method to navigate to a URL, it will respond with a status of 200 – OK. 200 – OK denotes that the link is working and it has been obtained. If any other status is obtained, then it is an indication that the link is broken.

But how will you do that?

First, we have to use the anchor tags <a> to determine the different hyperlinks on the web page. For each <a> tag, we can use the attribute ‘href’ value to obtain the hyperlinks and then analyze the response received for each hyperlink when used in driver.get() method.

27. Which technique should you consider using throughout the script “if there is neither 

frame id nor frame name”?

If neither frame name nor frame id is available, then we can use frame by index.

Let’s say, that there are 3 frames in a web page and if none of them have frame name and frame id, then we can still select those frames by using frame (zero-based) index attribute. Each frame will have an index number. The first frame would be at index “0”, the second at index “1” and the third at index “2”. Once the frame has been selected, all subsequent calls on the WebDriver interface will be made to that frame.

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driver.switchTo().frame(int arg0);

C. TestNG Framework For Selenium – Selenium Interview Questions

28. What is the significance of testng.xml?

I’m pretty sure you all know the importance of TestNG. Since Selenium does not support report generation and test case management, we use TestNG framework with Selenium. TestNG is much more advanced than JUnit, and it makes implementing annotations easy. That is the reason TestNG framewrok is used with Selenium WebDriver.

But have you wondered where to define the test suites and grouping of test classes in TestNG?

It is by taking instructions from the testng.xml file. We cannot define a test suite in testing source code, instead it is represented in an XML file, because suite is the feature of execution. The test suite, that I am talking about is basically a collection of test cases.

So for executing the test cases in a suite, i.e a group of test cases, you have to create a testng.xml file which contains the name of all the classes and methods that you want to execute as a part of that execution flow.

Other advantages of using testng.xml file are:

It allows execution of multiple test cases from multiple classes

It allows parallel execution

It allows execution of test cases in groups, where a single test can belong to multiple groups

29. What is parameterization in TestNG? How to pass parameters using testng.xml?

Parameterization is the technique of defining values in testng.xml file and sending them as parameters to the test class. This technique is especially useful when we need to pass multiple login credentials of various test environments. Take a look at the code below, in which “myName” is annotated as a parameter.

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public class ParameterizedTest1{

 @Test

 @Parameters("myName")

 public void parameterTest(String myName) {

 System.out.println("Parameterized value is : " + myName);

 }

}

To pass parameters using testng.xml file, we need to use ‘parameters’ tag. Look at the below code for example:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >

 <suite name=”CustomSuite">

  <test name=”CustomTest”> 

   <parameter name="myName" value=”John"/>

    <classes>

     <class name="ParameterizedTest1" />

    </classes> 

  </test>

 </suite>

To extensively understand the working of TestNG and it’s benefit when used with Selenium, watch the below Selenium tutorial video.

Selenium Training | TestNG Framework For Selenium | 

30. Explain DataProviders in TestNG using an example. Can I call a single data provider method for multiple functions and classes?

DataProvider is a TestNG feature, which enables us to write DataDriven tests. When we say, it supports DataDriven testing, then it becomes obvious that the same test method can run multiple times with different data-sets. DataProvider is in fact another way of passing parameters to the test method.

@DataProvider marks a method as supplying data for a test method. The annotated method must return an Object[] where each Object[] can be assigned to parameter list of the test method.

To use the DataProvider feature in your tests, you have to declare a method annotated by @DataProvider and then use the said method in the test method using the ‘dataProvider‘ attribute in the Test annotation.

As far as the second part of the question is concerned, Yes, the same DataProvider can be used in multiple functions and classes by declaring DataProvider in separate class and then reusing it in multiple classes.

31. How to skip a method or a code block in TestNG?

If you want to skip a particular test method, then you can set the ‘enabled’ parameter in test annotation to false.

@Test(enabled = false)

By default, the value of ‘enabled’ parameter will be true. Hence it is not necessary to define the annotation as true while defining it.

32. What is soft assertion in Selenium? How can you mark a test case as failed by using soft assertion?

Soft Assertions are customized error handlers provided by TestNG. Soft Assertions do not throw exceptions when assertion fails, and they simply continue to the next test step. They are commonly used when we want to perform multiple assertions.

To mark a test as failed with soft assertions, call assertAll() method at the end of the test.

33. Explain what is Group Test in TestNG?

In TestNG, methods can be categorized into groups. When a particular group is being executed, all the methods in that group will be executed.  We can execute a group by parameterizing it’s name in group attribute of @Test annotation. Example: @Test(groups={“xxx”})

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@Test(groups={“Car”})

public void drive(){

system.out.println(“Driving the vehicle”);

}

@Test(groups={“Car”})

public void changeGear() {

system.out.println("Change Gears”);

}

@Test(groups={“Car”})

public void accelerate(){

system.out.println(“Accelerating”);

}

34. How does TestNG allow you to state dependencies? Explain it with an example.

Dependency is a feature in TestNG that allows a test method to depend on a single or a group of test methods. Method dependency only works if the “depend-on-method” is part of the same class or any of the inherited base classes (i.e. while extending a class). Syntax:

@Test(dependsOnMethods = { “initEnvironmentTest” })

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@Test(groups={“Car”})

public void drive(){

system.out.println(“Driving the vehicle”);

}

@Test(dependsOnMethods={“drive”},groups={cars})

public void changeGear() {

system.out.println("Change Gears”);

}

@Test(dependsOnMethods={“changeGear”},groups={“Car”})

public void accelerate(){

system.out.println(“Accelerating”);

}

35. Explain what does @Test(invocationCount=?) and @Test(threadPoolSize=?) indicate.

@Test(invocationCount=?) is a parameter that indicates the number of times this method should be invoked.

@Test(threadPoolSize=?) is used for executing suites in parallel. Each suite can be run in a separate thread.

To specify how many times @Test method should be invoked from different threads, you can use the attribute threadPoolSize along with invocationCount. Example:

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@Test(threadPoolSize = 3, invocationCount = 10)

public void testServer() {

}

So this brings us to the end of the Selenium interview questions blog. Alternatively, you can check out this video on Selenium interview questions delivered by an industry expert where he also talks about the industry scenario and how questions will be twisted and asked in an interview.

Selenium Interview Questions And Answers | 

Frequent asked Selenium Interview Questions :
36 What is Selenium?

Selenium is one of the most powerful open source automation tool for web application testing (even we can say acceptance testing for the web application) which lets you automate operations like — type, click, the selection from a drop-down etc of a web page. Primarily developed in JavaScript and browser technologies such as DHTML and Frames and hence supports all the major browsers on all the platforms.

37) Who developed Selenium Tool and Why?

Jason Huggins and team developed this tool in 2004 when they were working for Thought work (IT outsourcing company). They created this tool for the testing of an internal time & expenses application written in (python).

38) How is Selenium different from commercial browser automation tools?

Selenium is a library which is available in a gamut of languages i.e. java, C#, python, ruby, php etc while most commercial tools are limited in their capabilities of being able to use just one language. More over many of those tools have their own proprietary language which is of little use outside the domain of those tools. Most commercial tools focus on record and replay while Selenium emphasis on using Selenium IDE (Selenium record and replay) tool only to get acquainted with Selenium working and then move on to more mature Selenium libraries like Remote control (Selenium 1.0) and Web Driver (Selenium 2.o).

Though most commercial tools have built in capabilities of test reporting, error recovery mechanisms and Selenium does not provide any such features by default. But given the rich set of languages available with Selenium, it very easy to emulate such features.

39) What are the set of tools available with Selenium?

Selenium has four set of tools — Selenium IDE, Selenium 1.0 (Selenium RC), Selenium 2.0 (WebDriver) and Selenium Grid. Selenium Core is another tool but since it is available as part of Selenium IDE as well as Selenium 1.o, it is not used in isolation.

Related Page: How To Setup Selenium Grid Using WebDriver

40) Which Selenium Tool should I use?

It entirely boils down to where you stand today in terms of using Selenium. If you are entirely new to Selenium then you should begin with Selenium IDE to learn Selenium location strategies and then move to Selenium 2 as it is the most stable Selenium library and future of Selenium. Use Selenium Grid when you want to distribute your test across multiple devices. If you are already using Selenium 1.o than you should begin to migrate your test scripts to Selenium 2.0

41) What is Selenium IDE?

Selenium IDE is a Firefox plug-in which is (by and large)used to record and replay test is Firefox browser. Selenium IDE can be used only with Firefox browser.

42) Which language is used in Selenium IDE?

Selenium IDE uses html sort of language called Selenese. Though other languages (Java, c#, php etc) cannot be used with Selenium IDE, Selenium IDE lets you convert test in these languages so that they could be used with Selenium 1.0 or Selenium 2.0

43) What is Selenium 1.0?

Selenium 1.0 or Selenium Remote Control (popularly known as Selenium RC) is library available in wide variety of languages. The primary reason of advent of Selenium RC was incapability of Selenium IDE to execute tests in browser other than Selenium IDE and the programmatical limitations of language Selenese used in Selenium IDE.

44) What is Selenium 2.0?

Selenium 2.0 also known as WebDriver is the latest offering of Selenium. It provides better API than Selenium 1.0 does not suffer from Java script security restriction which Selenium 1.o does supports more UI complicated UI operations like drag and drop.

45) What are the element locators available with Selenium 1.o which could be used to locate elements on web page?

There are mainly 4 locators used with Selenium
– html id
– html name
– XPath locator and
– Css locators

46) What is Selenium Grid?

Selenium grid lets you distribute your tests on multiple machines and all of them at the same time. Hence you can execute test on IE on Windows and Safari on Mac machine using the same test script (well, almost always). This greatly helps in reducing the time of test executioin and provides quick feedback to stack holders.helps in reducing the time of test execution and provides quick feedback to stack holders.

47) What is an Accessor in Selenium?

The accessor is one of the types of Selenese.

1) Accessors are used for storing the value of a target in a variable.

Ex

a) storeTitle — Stores the title of a window in a variable

b) storeText — Stores the target element text in a variable

2) Accessors are also used for evaluating the result and storing the result in a variable

Ex: storeTextPresent — Evaluates whether the text is present in the current window. If the text is present stores true in the variable else stores false

Ex: store elementPresent — Evaluates whether the element is present in the current window. If the element is present stores true in the variable else stores false.

48) What are two modes of views in Selenium IDE?

Selenium IDE can be opened either in side bar (View > Side bar > Selenium IDE) or as a pop up window (Tools > Selenium IDE). While using Selenium IDE in browser side bar it cannot record user operations in a pop up window opened by application.

Related Page: Installation Of Selenium IDE

49) Can I control the speed and pause test execution in Selenium IDE?

Selenium IDE provides a slider with Slow and Fast pointers to control the speed of execution.

50) Where do I see the results of Test Execution in Selenium IDE?

The result of test execution can be viewed in log window in Selenium IDE.

51) Where do I see the description of commands used in Selenium IDE?

Commands of description can be seen in the Reference section.

52) Can I build test suite using Selenium IDE?

Yes, you can first record individual test cases and then group all of them in a test suite. Entire test suite could be executed instead of executing individual tests.

53) What verification points are available with Selenium?

There is largely three type of verification points available with selenium:

– Check for the page title
– Check for certain text
– Check for the certain element (textbox, drop down, table etc)

54) I see two types of check with Selenium – verification and assertion, what’s the difference between two?

A verification checklets test execution continue even inthe wake of failure with check, while assertion stops the test execution. Consider an example of checking text on page, you may like to use verification point and lettest execution continue even if text is not present. But for a login page, you would like to add assertion for presence of textbox login as it does not make sense continuing with test execution if login text box is not present.

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55) There is id, name, XPath, CSS locator, which one should I use?

If there are constant name/id available than they should be used instead of XPath and CSS locators. If not then CSS locators should be given preference as their evaluation is faster than XPath in most modern browsers.

56) I want to generate random numbers, dates as my test data, how do I do this in Selenium IDE?

This can be achieved by executing java script in Selenium. Java script can be executed using following syntax —
Type – css=input#s– javascript{Math.random()}

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Source: Mindmajix & Eureka